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A urinary tract infection (UTI) is an infection of the urinary tract. The urinary tract includes the kidney, the ureters, the bladder and the urethra. An infection anywhere from the kidneys to the urethra can qualify as a urinary tract infection.

Normal urine is free from bacteria and sterile. An UTI occurs when micro-organisms from the digestive tract such as bacteria move to the urethra and start multiplying in the urinary tract. The most common bacteria that cause UTI are Escherichia coli (E.Coli). The infection starts from the urethra and moves to the bladder, ureters and then to the kidney.

Women are more prone to UTI due to the proximity of the urethra to the anus than in males. When a person feels some pain when passing urine (dysuria) or frequently passes urine or if blood is found in the urine (hematuria), it is an indication of an UTI. Sometimes the urine may be more smelly or cloudy when the urinary tract is infected.

Antibiotics such as trimethoprim, amoxicillin, nitrofurantoin, and ampicillin are used in the treatment of UTI. The antibiotic that is prescribed for treatment is decided based on the type of the micro-organism that has affected the urinary tract. Hence before deciding on the antibiotic the urine is tested to find out the micro-organism that has caused the infection.

Sometimes ultrasound scans of the kidneys and bladder are done for persons who are repeatedly affected by UTI. It is advised to drink plenty of water and to urinate frequently to flush any bacteria found in the urinary tract and thus avoids UTI. As there are micro-organisms which get sexually transmitted and affect the urinary tract in both men and women, urinating before and after sex is recommended to avoid UTI.

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